Author ORCID Identifier
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4391-3590
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
7-2021
Keywords
Settlement patterns, Deep learning, Shell rings, Object detection, Southeast United States
Abstract
In the mid-Holocene (5000 - 3000 cal B.P.), Native American groups constructed shell rings, a type of circular midden, in coastal areas of the American Southeast. These deposits provide important insights into Native American socioeconomic organization but are also quite rare: only about 50 such rings have been documented to date. Recent work using automated LiDAR analysis demonstrates that many more shell rings likely exist than are currently recorded in state archaeological databases. Here, we use deep learning, a form of machine intelligence, to detect shell ring deposits and identify their geographic range in LiDAR data from South Carolina. We corroborate our results using synthetic aperture radar (SAR), multispectral data, and a random forest analysis. We conclude that a greater number of shell rings exist and that their distribution expanded further north than currently documented. Our evidence suggests that ring construction was a more widespread and common practice during the mid-Holocene.
Recommended Citation
Davis, Dylan, et al. 2021 Journal of Archaeological Science, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2021.105433
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.