Document Type

Article

Publication Date

9-12-2025

Keywords

Microbiota, Drug metabolism, Drug absorption

Abstract

Purpose of Review: Complex interactions between gut microbiota and various drugs can significantly influence drug phar-macokinetics. We examined recent in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies to understand how microbiota directly influences drug metabolism and absorption in order to inform future research and clinical practice. Recent Findings: Considerable progress has been made for multiple drug classes using in vitro anaerobic culturing assays and ex vivo systems with human fecal communities, as well as animal models that have provided insights into both direct microbial metabolism of drugs and indirect host-microbiota interactions via regulation of host enzymes or transporters. However, how these effects impact clinical pharmacokinetics remains poorly defined. Summary: Future progress will depend on the development of experimental and computational tools to integrate microbiota data into pharmacokinetic modeling and drug development. A mechanistic understanding of microbiota-mediated drug metabolism is critical for improving predictions of drug efficacy, safety, and personalized dosing strategies.

Comments

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40495-025-00429-8

Publisher Attribution

Burke, K., Li, Y. Impact of Gut Microbiota on Drug Metabolism and Absorption. Curr. Pharmacol. Rep. 11, 49 (2025). Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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