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Beginning in the 1960s, a rightward shift in politics and “War on Drugs”
policies propelled the United States toward mass incarceration. The result was a
prison population of around 2 million people, in which minority groups have been
disproportionately imprisoned. While historians and legal scholars have examined
the policies and legal structures behind mass incarceration, oral historians
working in the tradition of social history emphasize the importance of
narratives of those most impacted yet traditionally neglected. This paper
specifically examines the relatively unstudied Columbia University's 2019 Mass
Incarceration oral history collection, which explores the interconnected
perspectives of one family’s experience within the prison-industrial complex.
This archive uncovers a perplexing paradox: the carceral system can provide a
community with economic stability via employment, but this economic security
relies on the incarceration of their community, even relatives. Furthermore,
previous discussions have focused on black and white males, but this research
engages with black women, AIDS patients, and prisoner activists
In recent years, the importance of utilizing inclusive practices in the
workplace has become much more widely-known, especially in regards to supporting
neurodivergent employees. The systemic barriers and challenges faced by
neurodivergent job-seekers and employees mean this population is often limited
in their employment prospects, in turn depriving human resources professionals
and their organizations of the chance to hire and benefit from diverse talent.
As neurodivergent individuals exist within the workforce and general public, it
is critical that organizations properly accommodate their needs in order to
ensure optimal inclusivity, business efficiency, and productivity. This scoping
review of the literature on neurodivergence in the workplace identifies common
themes and gaps in knowledge, and suggests opportunities for future research.
Specifically, five dominant themes were uncovered: continued barriers to
employment, positive and negative consequences associated with the disclosure of
neurodivergent conditions, insufficient employer education, inadequate support
structures, and a lack of collaborative decision-making. Findings highlight the
need for additional research focused on neurodivergent individuals’ diverse
identities, career progression, and the organizational leadership opportunities
and practices that shape their workplace experiences.
Beginning in the 1960s, a rightward shift in politics and “War on Drugs”
policies propelled the United States toward mass incarceration. The result was a
prison population of around 2 million people, in which minority groups have been
disproportionately imprisoned. While historians and legal scholars have examined
the policies and legal structures behind mass incarceration, oral historians
working in the tradition of social history emphasize the importance of
narratives of those most impacted yet traditionally neglected. This paper
specifically examines the relatively unstudied Columbia University's 2019 Mass
Incarceration oral history collection, which explores the interconnected
perspectives of one family’s experience within the prison-industrial complex.
This archive uncovers a perplexing paradox: the carceral system can provide a
community with economic stability via employment, but this economic security
relies on the incarceration of their community, even relatives. Furthermore,
previous discussions have focused on black and white males, but this research
engages with black women, AIDS patients, and prisoner activists
The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of internalized racism. This
concept has a plethora of effects on the Black community and other communities
of color. Despite this, internalized racism is misunderstood and understudied
due to difficulty in understanding the subject matter. As a college student, the
author discusses the influence of internalized racism on Black college students’
mental health and academic achievements. As a result, the author details the
extensive psychological and emotional effects of internalized racism on Black
students at the college level. Also, potential solutions like the implementation
of SAFE-CO is provided as means to oppose internalized racism.
The Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG) crisis is a human
rights crisis that demands swift and concrete action from the Canadian
government. Indigenous women and girls in the United States and Canada are
disproportionately affected by violence due to racist, white supremacist,
colonialist values ingrained in society and the federal government. This paper
looks into the findings of Canada’s 2016 National Inquiry into the MMIWG crisis
and determines the progress that the Canadian government has made toward ending
the crisis. The paper concludes that the Canadian government has used the
COVID-19 pandemic as an excuse for delayed action and their programs will take
years, even decades to be implemented considering the pace of the National
Inquiry. If the Inquiry’s Calls to Action are met with inadequate solutions
implemented for optics, Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQQIA people will
continue to be taken from their families and communities. The next few years
will reveal whether the National Inquiry was a political ploy to temporarily
appease the public, or a genuine effort to end this severe human rights crisis.
In American society’s history, there has been a strong agreement on the
existence of only two genders - male and female. However, there are people
outside this binary called “nonbinary” individuals. The gender binary, whose
enforcement begins with language and the spreading of binary ideology, prevents
nonbinary people from partaking in daily life without being misgendered. Much of
gender perception is based upon the “gender schema”, which organizes traits into
categories of “male” and “female” when judging others. The ramifications
include, and are not limited to, social, medical, and legal discrimination. The
option for a legal third sex with the choice to change gender markers later on,
a standard third-person singular gender neutral pronoun, and increased advocacy
for ending the conflation of sex and gender can hopefully lead to the increased
normalization and acceptance of nonbinary people.
Alcoholic beverages are the most popular human-produced drinks in history.
Whether it is wine, beer, or hard liquor, alcoholic beverages are included in
all aspects of society. Presidents, town drunks, and the greatest musical
sensations are seen drinking alcoholic beverages both at work and at home. In
terms of its effects on individuals, alcohol is deemed to be a poison to the
body, and drinking too much can destroy your liver and your body as a whole.
This puts public speakers, political leaders, and specifically singers in an odd
position when it comes to balancing casual alcohol consumption and retaining
their vocal health. Scientific study of this subject is necessary, as well as
close consideration of the effects of alcohol on singer’s lives and careers.
There is already extensive research pertaining to the chronic effects of alcohol
on the body. In terms of acute alcohol ingestion, research does not exist to the
same level of detail or quality. The effect of alcohol on vocal range, both
chronic and acute, has not been studied thoroughly. Alcohol has many negative
effects on the voice. In this study, we suggest that acute alcohol ingestion may
decrease the vocal range of individuals.
The Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004 resulted in grave consequences for South East
Asia. Indonesia, in particular, had the highest death toll, losing over 150,000
people. Indonesia’s coastal region Aceh was the hardest hit by this disaster.
Exploiting exogenous spatial variation at the district level, we use
difference-in-difference analysis to estimate the causal effect of the 2004
disaster on subsequent crime rates. We find that after the tsunami, total annual
crime rate went down, on average, by 244 crimes per annum.
The publications of Hortense Spillers’ Mama’s Baby, Papa’s Maybe: An American
Grammar Book and Toni Morrison’s Beloved marks 1987 as an important year in the
history of black textual production. Without planning, Morrison teaches us how
to read Spillers and Spillers to read Morrison, despite differences in form.
Spillers articulates a “praxis of ungendered flesh,” to theorize the relegation
of the slave’s body to commodity that sutures slavery to blackness (Spillers
1987). Morrison takes up this same task through the experiences of life, time,
and memory for Sethe, an escaped slave who kills her daughter when at risk of
being returned to slavery. Through powerful literary fiction, Morrison
transforms Spillers’ sophisticated parlance into hauntingly beautiful prose,
demonstrating a common strand of thinking about slavery and its afterlife.
Through an analysis of critical themes in Beloved, this paper seeks to
articulate a reading of ‘Beloved in the flesh,’ engaging with an ongoing
academic conversation about black subjectivity and the replication of slavery as
such; taking to heart the implications of the distinct literary forms to
demonstrate and enact through writing the impossibility of limiting the
discourse of blackness (and anti-blackness as the structural phenomenon that’s
positioned by and positions blackness) to one discipline or mode of thought.