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Russula fragrantissima
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
ID number: 28.39.01.2021
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Scleroderma citrinum
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
Mycorrhizal fungi found growing on decaying hardwoods and conifers. This mushroom can be found in clusters or by itself between the months of July and November and is widely distributed across North America. Fruiting bodies are 2-10 cm in diameter and can reach up to 4 cm in height. Contains brown-colored scales on the skin of the mushroom. The stem on this mushroom is absent, as it connects itself to the substrate using mycelial cords. The inside of the puffball harbors a purple-black spore mass that produces black colored spores. Contains a biological active compound called 4,4’-Dimethoxymethyl vulpinate proven to inhibit plant pathogenic fungi (Soytong et al. 2014). ID number: 29.40.01.2021
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Scutellinia scutellata
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
ID number: 26.41.01.2021
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Sebacina schweinitzii
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
ID number: 30.42.01.2021
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Spathulariopsis velutipes
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
ID number: 09.43.01.2021
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Strobilomyces strobilaceus
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
Mycorrhizal with hardwoods, especially oaks; growing alone, scattered, or gregariously; summer and fall; widely distributed. Cap 5-10 cm, convex to broadly convex, whitish to light gray covered with erect fibrillose, black scales, margin hung with the remains of a partial veil. Pore surface buff and covered with a thin, whitish membrane when young, turning grayish to brown with age. Stem 4-10 cm long, buff, reticulate near apex, dark gray and shaggy when young with remains of partial veil. Flesh white throughout, turning reddish brown when sliced and/or bruised; no distinctive odor. DNA sequencing has detected 14 distinct lineages among Strobilomyces species. All 14 of the detected lineages share morphological characteristics making it difficult to definitively identify this species (Sato et al. 2007) In North America the name Strobilomyces strobilaceus has been used to replace what was previously called Strobilomyces floccopus (A European look-a-like). This name replacement has potential to be challenged because specimens included in North American collections were not a phylogenetic match to the European collections. (Kuo, 2013) It is likely there are new species of Strobilomyces on the North American continent, and identifications of this species should be seen as tentative until further studied using DNA sequencing. ID number: 05.44.01.2021
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Suillus granulatus
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
Mycorrhizal with a wide variety of pines; found growing alone or gregariously; widely distributed; summer and fall. Cap 3-7 cm; broadly convex; slimy; and buff in color. Pore surface buff, quickly turning yellowish with age; non-bruising; pores about 1 mm wide. Stem 3-4 cm long; 1 - 1 ½ cm thick; whitish turning yellowish with tiny, brown glandular dots on the upper half; brighter yellow color near the apex. Research on the extract of this species indicates possible antimicrobial and antitumor properties (Triangali et al. 1989) ID number: 32.45.01.2021
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Tapinella atrotomentosa
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
Saprobic; commonly growing on conifers. Our sample was found on decaying hemlock wood; widely found in North America. Cap velvety and slightly convex to vase-shaped, dark brown in center, fading to tan on outer edges; Thick stem with velvety fuzz; dark brown to dark tan; decurrent, close, white to pale tan gills. This species has been observed in Central Europe and is commonly mistaken for Paxillus involutus (Sutar 1992). Several compounds extracted from Tapinella atrotomentosa were also found to have antioxidant effects (Béni et al. 2018). ID number: 33.46.01.2021
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Trametes versicolor
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
Common saprotrophic fungus found on decaying tree trunks, branches, and logs. It is a well known white-rog fungus that uses laccase to oxidize lignins in wood (Jönsson et. al. 1989). We collected multiple samples that were found on decaying tree trunks and branches. T. versicolor has a wide distribution and can be found across North America as well as parts of Asia and Europe. Found in shelf-like clusters that can range from 2-10 cm in length. Has grayish-brown layers of color with white ends although specimens in other regions may have This fungus is thin and has a pliable texture when freshly picked but turns stiff when left to dry. Has a non-distinctive taste. Produces white spores. Scientists are studying the polysaccharide, Peptide Krestin, found in T. versicolor, as it is believed to play a positive role in concurrent adjuvant treatment in breast cancer patients (Standish et al. 2008). ID number: 25.47.02.2021
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Trametes versicolor
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
ID number: 25.47.02.2022
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Tremellodendron pallidum
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
ID number: 30.48.01.2021
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Trichaptum biforme
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
Polypore mushroom found growing on conifer trees. It grows annually and the fruiting bodies begin as rough layers on the surface of the wood and later grow violet colored caps. Fruiting bodies range from 1-4 cm in length and are slightly convex in shape. They also overlap one another and may appear as a large fungal body from a distance. Trichaptum biforme has been found to be effective against three different types of Gram-negative bacteria and E. coli (Chikwem et al. 2020). ID number: 25.49.01.2021
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Turbinellus floccosus
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
ID number: 15.50.01.2021
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Tylopilus rubrobrunneus
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
ID number: 05.51.01.2021
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Xylaria polymorpha
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
This species grows on decaying hardwood as they are saprotrophic and secrete enzymes in order to break down decaying wood into edible portions. Our sample was found growing on decaying hardwood while other clusters appeared to grow terrestrially, most likely on decaying wood buried beneath the topsoil. ¾”- 4” club-shaped fruiting bodies that are initially white in color and become more gray and later black as they mature. This mushroom has a slightly rough and firm texture with an undifferentiated cap and stem. The odor and taste of Xylaria polymorpha is not distinctive. The spores are dark brown or black (Baroni 2017). Extracts from this macrofungi have been found to have antimicrobial activity against bacteria like E. coli, S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and others (Hacioglu et al.) Distinction between X. polymorpha and X. longipes or X. schweinitzii requires microscopy. ID number: 36.52.01.2021
This is a collection of macrofungi from the East Brook Valley, Walton, NY. Specimens were collected by citizen scientists during the summer of 2021 and the summer of 2022. Macrofungi specimens were collected, photographed, described, and dehydrated for preservation in our mycological herbarium. A total of 53 genera, approximately 83 species, and 42 identified species were found and collected from seven survey sites in the East Brook Valley. Many of these species can be found in our physical herbarium and this digital herbarium. Each specimen in this collection has an identification number associated with it that can be used to describe its family, genus, species, and year collected.
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