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Leotia lubrica
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
Widely distributed in North America; Saprobic; growing gregariously under hardwoods and conifers; often found growing in moss, occasionally found on rotting wood; late spring through fall in colder climates. DESCRIPTION: Cap 1-1 ½ cm; convex with irregular lobes and undulations, with the margin rolled inward; bald; sticky; yellow to light ochre. Stem 1-2 cm long; ½ cm wide; bald; sticky. Flesh gelatinous when fresh; odorless. This species has been observed in Argentina, and throughout South and Central America. (Lorenzo and Messuti 2013). Research conducted in Central America indicates this species forms arbutoid mycorrhiza, a type of ericoid mycorrhiza distinguished by penetration of host cortical cells, with a tropical woody plant Comarostaphylis arbutoides. (Kühdorf et al. 2015) Analyses of the three morphologically defined species, L. lubrica, L. viscosa, and L. atrovirens showed none of them to be monophyletic which indicates that there may be more genetic variation among Leotia than is commonly recognized. (Zhong and Pfister 2004). ID number: 21.28.01.2021
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Leotia viscosa
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
ECOLOGY: Saprobic fungi found in small clusters growing near conifers, on decaying hardwood or humus. Also found growing near moss. Can be found between late spring and fall with a wide distribution in North America. Cap is dark green and ranges from 1-3 cm in diameter. Has a viscid cap early on, hence its Latin name “viscosa,” translates to sticky. Stem reaches up to 6 cm in height, is white in color, and turns yellow as the mushroom matures. This mushroom shares similar characteristics to L. lubrica studies suggest that the cap color is not a reliable way to determine this species, as its relatives L. lubrica and L. atrovirens are polyphyletic; therefore observation at the molecular level is needed (Zhong and Pfister 2004). ID number: 21.28.02.2021
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Lychoperdon perlatum
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
ID number: 01.29.01.2021
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Lychoperdon pyriforme
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
ID number: 01.29.02.2021
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Marasmius capillaris
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
Saprobic; samples collected from leaf litter in both hardwood and softwood dominant forests, ecologically distinct from morphologically similar Mirasmius rotula which grows exclusively on wood. Cap 5-20 mm, cream to light tan, often slightly translucent, pleated with a central depression; stipe dark reddish-brown to black, turning yellow near cap; wiry. Gills similar in color to cap, are even, thick, attaching to a ring around the stem; tend to grow in patches and clusters. Global distribution (Rout et al. 2020). Mating patterns are consistent among different species of Marasmius, including Marasmius capillaris. This was demonstrated by crossing monokaryotic isolates of eleven different species of Marasmius (Gordon et al. 1994). ID number: 22.30.01.2021
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Marasmius pulcherripes
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
Saprobic; our sample was found growing on hardwood leaf litter; also commonly found on needle duff of conifers, especially Eastern White pine; in North America it is particularly common in the eastern region; grows in clusters; can be observed in the summer and fall. Very small, convex or bell-shaped pleated, pale pink to light fuschia cap with a darker pink point in the center; long, thin, wiry dark colored stem; white or light pink, distant gills that can be free or attached. Global distribution; found in countries such as South Korea (Cho and Chung 2020), India (Gogoi and Parkash 2015), and Cameroon (Enow 2013). ID number: 22.30.02.2021
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Megacollybia rodmani
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
ID number: 22.31.01.2021
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Panellus stipticus
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
Saprobic; growing on dead and rotting hardwoods often in shelving clusters. This species grows in the spring through fall and sometimes in warm winters or warm winter spells. It’s distribution ranges from North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia although is more commonly found in the east. This mushroom’s cap is 0.5-3 cm wide, convex and has an enrolled margin with a semicircular to kidney shape. It is dry, smooth to velvety and often becomes cracked with age. It ranges in color from off-white to brown. Gills end at the stem, are crowded, often forked or short, containing cross-veins, and are a light golden brown. It’s stem is approximately 3 mm long and 3 mm wide, though often indistinguishable from its cap. It is off-centered and attached to rotting hardwood. Similar to the cap, the stem is velvety and ranges from off-white to brown. This species has a bitter taste, a white spore print, and tough white to pale brown flesh. Distinctive to this species is its bioluminescent gills. It’s gills emit a dull yellow glow that can often be seen in the dark. Commonly known as the bitter oyster or the luminescent panellus, this species has several unique features. The origin of bioluminescence in the gilled mushrooms is understudied. One researcher suggested that the lineages of all gilled mushrooms share a common luminescent ancestor (Oliveira et al. 2012). It was found that luminosity in this species is inherited by a pair of alleles with luminosity being dominant over non-luminosity (Macrae 1942). More research is required to understand the phylogenetic lineage of luminescent fungi, their dominant characteristics, and their relationship with gilled fungi as a whole. This species has also been used in traditional Chinese medicine as a blood thickener (Hobbs 2003) and has shown the potential to be used in bioremediation (Sato et al. 2002) and assist in the conversion and breakdown of toxic industrial waste. ID number: 23.33.01.2021
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Pleurocybella porrigens
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
Saprobic; grows scattered or gregariously on decaying conifer logs, especially Eastern Hemlock; often accompanied by large patches of moss; grows most often in September and October though our specimen were found in July; nationwide and worldwide distribution. 2.5-10cm; shelf-like, fan-shaped body, broadly concave or broadly convex; white to pale cream cap; smooth; pliable, thin, fleshy and relatively fragile; white gills; crowded; cap smooth; occasional pseudo stipe present. Though a popular edible in Japan, P. porrigens caused fatal acute encephalopathy in 17 humans in the country in 2004 due to the presence of the toxic amino acid pleurocybellaziridine in the mushrooms (Wakimoto et al. 2011). It was found that of the 55 people affected in the outbreak, most were suffering from renal failure, likely causing an inability of their kidneys to filter out the amino acid (Kawaguchi et al. 2010). ID number: 22.34.01.2021
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Pluteus chrysophlebius
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
ID number: 42.58.02.2022
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Polyporus radicatus
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
ID number: 25.35.01.2021
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Polyporus radicatus
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
ID number: 25.35.01.2022
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Radulomyces copelandii
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
Saprobic; growing on decaying hardwood logs or standing dead trees, especially oak and maple. Growing year-round but usually preferring cooler temperatures, this fungus can be found in many areas of the world, including the United States, Canada, Japan, China, Korea and Russia. Fruiting bodies grow resupinate in the cracks of the wood they inhabit. No distinguishable cap, stem, or gills. Individual teeth are short, thin, and string-like appearing as light-tan to brown and usually occur in dense clusters. Individual teeth are approximately 1-2 cm long, but densely packed clusters can grow to 30 cm or more. COMMENTS: Distribution of this fungus is not well understood as it was only reported in the United States in 2009 (Roehl 2019) . Which region this fungus occurs in has not been well studied and future research is needed to properly understand its distribution. This species was once considered in the genera Radulodon but is now placed in Radulomyces (Nakasone 2001). - common name Asian beauty. ID number: 27.37.01.2021
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Resupinatus alboniger
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
ID number: 35.38.01.2021
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Russula fragrantissima
Kathleen R. White, Jacqueline A. Jergensen, and Ada Lam
ID number: 28.39.01.2022
This is a collection of macrofungi from the East Brook Valley, Walton, NY. Specimens were collected by citizen scientists during the summer of 2021 and the summer of 2022. Macrofungi specimens were collected, photographed, described, and dehydrated for preservation in our mycological herbarium. A total of 53 genera, approximately 83 species, and 42 identified species were found and collected from seven survey sites in the East Brook Valley. Many of these species can be found in our physical herbarium and this digital herbarium. Each specimen in this collection has an identification number associated with it that can be used to describe its family, genus, species, and year collected.
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